Raspberry Pi NAS Server¶
Project Overview¶
A budget-friendly Network Attached Storage (NAS) server built around a Raspberry Pi 4 (8GB) running OpenMediaVault. It provides 8TB of RAID-1 mirrored storage for automated backups, media streaming via Plex, and file sharing across the home network.
Hardware¶
| Component | Details |
|---|---|
| Raspberry Pi 4 | 8GB RAM model |
| USB 3.0 Hub | Powered 4-port Sabrent |
| Hard Drives | 2x Seagate IronWolf 4TB |
| Drive Enclosures | 2x ORICO USB 3.0 SATA |
| Case | Argon ONE M.2 (with fan) |
| UPS | APC Back-UPS 600VA |
Software Stack¶
- OS: Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bit)
- NAS Platform: OpenMediaVault 6
- File Sharing: SMB/CIFS, NFS
- Media Server: Plex Media Server (Docker)
- Backup: rsnapshot for incremental backups
- Monitoring: Netdata for system dashboards
Setup Guide¶
1. Base OS Installation¶
Flash Raspberry Pi OS Lite to a micro SD card using Raspberry Pi Imager. Enable SSH on first boot.
2. Install OpenMediaVault¶
# Update system first
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
# Install OMV using the official script
wget -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript/master/install | sudo bash
3. Configure RAID-1¶
Using OMV's web interface, create a RAID-1 (mirrored) array from both 4TB drives. This gives 4TB of usable space with full redundancy — if one drive fails, no data is lost.
4. Docker & Plex¶
# docker-compose.yml for Plex
version: "3"
services:
plex:
image: lscr.io/linuxserver/plex:latest
container_name: plex
network_mode: host
environment:
- PUID=1000
- PGID=1000
- TZ=America/New_York
volumes:
- /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid/.../config:/config
- /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid/.../media:/media
restart: unless-stopped
Performance Note
The Raspberry Pi 4 can handle 1-2 direct play streams comfortably. Transcoding is limited, so clients should ideally direct play compatible formats (H.264, AAC).
Power Consumption¶
The entire NAS draws approximately 18W at idle and 25W under load. Running 24/7, that's about $2/month in electricity — far less than a commercial NAS or a repurposed desktop.
Backup Strategy¶
- rsnapshot runs nightly: 7 daily, 4 weekly, and 6 monthly snapshots
- rclone syncs critical folders to Backblaze B2 weekly for offsite backup
- Both drives are monitored via SMART with email alerts on early failure signs
